What is an asphalt shingle?

What They’re Made Of

Asphalt shingles are composed of three main layers:

• Fiberglass Mat
  The core of most modern shingles is a fiberglass mat, which provides structure and helps resist tearing.
• Asphalt Coating
  Asphalt is applied to both sides of the mat to create a waterproof barrier. It also gives the shingle weight and weather resistance.
• Mineral Granules
  The top layer is embedded with ceramic-coated mineral granules, which protect the asphalt from UV rays, add fire resistance, and provide color and texture options.

Types of Asphalt Shingles

There are three primary types of asphalt shingles used today:

3-Tab Shingles
The original flat, lightweight shingle. Less common now due to lower wind resistance and shorter lifespan.

Architectural Shingles (also called Dimensional or Laminated)
These are the most popular choice for homeowners. They have a layered design that mimics wood shakes and offers better durability and wind resistance. [We install GAF Timberline HDZ™ as our go-to architectural option.]

Luxury Shingles
Thicker and more stylized, luxury shingles replicate the look of slate or wood at a fraction of the cost. They’re heavier and more expensive but offer high-end curb appeal.

How They Work on a Roof

Asphalt shingles are part of a layered roofing system designed to shed water and protect your home.

• Each shingle overlaps the one below it, guiding water down the roof and into the gutters.
• They’re fastened to the roof deck with roofing nails and sealed with adhesive strips.
• Beneath the shingles is a protective layer of synthetic underlayment that acts as a secondary moisture barrier.
• Proper installation around valleys, ridges, and roof penetrations is critical to prevent leaks.

Where You’ll See Them

Asphalt shingles are found on over 70% of residential homes in the U.S.

In Maryland, they are especially popular due to their ability to handle:

• Freeze-thaw cycles
• Humid summers
• Occasional snow and high winds

Because they’re cost-effective and come in a wide range of colors and styles, they’re well suited for everything from colonial to contemporary homes across the state.

Their Role in the Roofing System

Shingles are the final exterior layer in a complete roof system. They work in tandem with:

• Synthetic underlayment (moisture barrier)
• Drip edge (directs water away from the fascia)
• Roof decking (structural base)
• Ridge vent (provides attic ventilation)

When installed properly, shingles create a watertight, wind-resistant barrier that protects your home year-round.

Visual Examples

Key Takeaway

Asphalt shingles are a durable, affordable, and highly effective roofing material designed for sloped roofs. Their multi-layer construction makes them ideal for Maryland’s varied weather conditions — and when installed as part of a full roofing system, they provide decades of protection and curb appeal.

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